Muhammad

Mohammed : مُحمّد‎, C. 570 CE – 8 June 632 CE) was the founder of Islam.

He was a prophet, sent to present and confirm the monotheistic teachings preached previously by Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets. He is viewed as the final prophet of God in all the main branches of Islam, though some modern denominations diverge from this belief. 

Muhammad united Arabia into a single Muslim polity, with the Quran as well as his teachings and practices forming the basis of Islamic religious belief.

Muhammed Born approximately 570 CE (Year of the Elephant) in the Arabian city of Mecca, Muhammad was orphaned at the age of six. He was raised under the care of his paternal grandfather Abd al-Muttalib, and upon his death, by his uncle Abu Talib. In later years he would periodically seclude himself in a mountain cave named Hira for several nights of prayer. When he was 40, Muhammad reported being visited by Gabriel in the cave, and receiving his first revelation from God. Three years later, in 610, Muhammad started preaching these revelations publicly, proclaiming that "God is One", that complete "submission" (islām) to God is the right way of life (dīn), and that he was a prophet and messenger of God, similar to the other prophets in Islam.

Muhammad’s followers were initially few in number, and experienced hostility from Meccan polytheists. He sent some of his followers to Abyssinia in 615 to shield them from prosecution, before he and his followers migrated from Mecca to Medina (then known as Yathrib) in 622. This event, the Hijra, marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar, also known as the Hijri Calendar. In Medina, Muhammad united the tribes under the Constitution of Medina. In December 629, after eight years of intermittent fighting with Meccan tribes, Muhammad gathered an army of 10,000 Muslim converts and marched on the city of Mecca. 

The conquest went largely uncontested and Muhammad seized the city with little bloodshed. In 632, a few months after returning from the Farewell Pilgrimage, he fell ill and died. By the time of his death, most of the Arabian Peninsula had converted to Islam..

The revelations (each known as Ayah, lit. "Sign of God"), which Muhammad reported receiving until his death, form the verses of the Quran, regarded by Muslims as the verbatim "Word of God" and around which the religion is based. Besides the Quran, Muhammad's teachings and practices (sunnah), found in the Hadith and sira (biography) literature, are also upheld and used as sources of Islamic law (see Sharia).

Prophet Muhammad

Born	Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdullāh (Arabic: مُحَمَّد بِن عَبد الله‎) c. 570 Mecca, Hejaz, Arabia (present-day Saudi Arabia)
Died	8 June 632 (aged 61–62) Medina, Hejaz, Arabia (present-day Saudi Arabia)
Resting place	Green Dome at al-Masjid an-Nabawi, Medina (present-day Saudi Arabia) Coordinates:  24°28′03″N 39°36′41″E
Other names	Abu al-Qasim (nickname) Rasūl Allāh (Messenger of God)
Years active	583–609 CE as merchant 609–632 CE as religious leader
Notable work	Constitution of Medina
Successor	Succession to Muhammad
Spouse(s)	Muhammad's wives Married Khadija bint Khuwaylid 595–619 Sawda bint Zamʿa 619–632 Aisha bint Abi Bakr 619–632 Hafsa bint Umar 624–632 Zaynab bint Khuzayma 625–627 Hind bint Abi Umayya 625–632 Zaynab bint Jahsh 627–632 Juwayriyya bint al-Harith 628–632 Ramla bint Abi Sufyan 628–632 Rayhana bint Zayd 629–631 Safiyya bint Huyayy 629–632 Maymunah bint al-Harith 630–632 Maria al-Qibtiyya 630–632
Children	· Qasim ibn Muhammad, (598 – 600 or 601 CE) ·  Zainab bint Muhammad, (599 – 630 CE) ·  Ruqayyah bint Muhammad, (601 – 624 CE) ·  Umm Kulthum bint Muhammad, (603 – 630 CE) ·  Abd-Allah ibn Muhammad, (d. 615 CE) ·  Fatimah bint Muhammad, (c. 604 – 632 CE) ·  Ibrahim ibn Muhammad, (630 – 631 CE)
Parent(s)	Abdallah ibn Abd al-Muttalib(father) Aminah bint Wahb (mother)
Relatives	Family tree of Muhammad, Ahl al-Bayt  ("Family of the House")
Personal (Ism)	Muhammad
Patronymic (Nasab)	Muḥammad ibn Abd Allah ibn Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim ibn Abd Manaf ibn Qusai ibn Kilab
Teknonymic (Kunya)	Abu al-Qasim
Epithet (Laqab)	Khātim an-Nâbîyīn (Seal of the prophets)